From Correlation to Causation through stories and math

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Correlation and causation are two concepts that people often mixup in their minds. I must admit that I myself have been guilty about this, and it unlikely that I would ever entirely grow out of it as it is wired deeply into our psychology. Let me use this article to briefly emphasise what the concepts of correlation and causation means, some interesting stories that have emerged from people misunderstanding these concepts and an algorithm that attempts to find causal relationship using correlation information. Here is a story that I heard a professor of mine, Prof. Dr. Ernst-Jan Camiel Wit, tell us during a lecture. There was a school that was involved in a study to see if providing free mid-day meals to students, which they could choose to be subscribed to this or not. At the end of the study, both the students who subscribed to it and did not where tested for different health indicators. It was observed that the students who chose to have meals from the programme had poorer health
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Transferring Files between Computers and Phones using Wi-Fi

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Phones are essentially miniaturized computers. If you connect your phone to a monitor, keyboard and mouse, it essentially becomes a computer. In this article, let us discuss about how to use an Android phone or a computer as a server and transfer the data into another phone or computer.

Doing this procedure on an Android device, you just need to install the app named Termux, which provides you with a Linux Terminal on Android.

If you don't have python installed already, install it using apt-get or apt using the respective commands listed below on your Linux Terminal or Termux. Note that admin privileges may be required to do so.
apt install python
apt-get install python
After you are done installing, before you create the server, you need to know what your IP address is so that other devices can access it. To obtain the IP address, simply type in the following command:
ifconfig 


In this case, the highlighted portion in the image above is the IP Address, 192.168.43.182. Now let us create the server and access it. The following command helps with the same:
python -m SimpleHTTPServer
or
python -m http.server 

The server would be available at http://192.168.43.182:8000. You can open that using your browser on your phone or computer connected to the same network as the server. If you wish to share a different directory, use cd command to move into a different folder and use the command above to host the server. If you want to share everything on your phone, perhaps running cd ../../../ and then running the command above would help.

Interesting use case:

 Once upon a time, I did not have any application installed on my phone that could be used for sharing files. I had a file which I needed to transfer with a few of my friends. So, I went ahead with setting up a hotspot and asked everyone to connect to the hotspot. This ensured that we were in the same network. After that I went ahead to create a server using the method suggested above. And everyone could download the file that I wanted to share.

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